COURSE STAFF

Our Fearless Course Co-leaders!
Randy Kramer Rm C-640, 476-3274 rhkramer@concentric.net	Lee Wentworth Rm S-501 661-9485, 476-8399 leew@itsa.ucsf.edu
Our Loyal Core Faculty
Doug Cooper Rm LPPI-399CA, 476-7886 cooper@cgl.ucsf.edu	Mirik Tolar Rm C-640, 476-3274 mitol@itsa.ucsf.edu	Dan Ramos Rm S-619, 502-4905 dramos@itsa.ucsf.edu
Our Dedicated Teaching Assistants
Eric Schwandt Rm C-640, 430-2161 x1076 eschwan@itsa.ucsf.edu	Qin Han Rm HSW-681A, 476-8921 qhan@itsa.ucsf.edu
Our Invaluable Guest Lecturers
John Greenspan Rm S-612,  476-2220, greenspanj@dentistry.ucsf.edu Arnold Kahn Rm S-619A, 476-9013, olbones@itsa.ucsf.edu Francina Lozada-Nur Rm S-649, 476-2686, fln@itsa.ucsf.edu Anthony Pogrel Rm C-522, 476-3241, map@itsa.ucsf.edu Sol Silverman Rm S-647, 476-5947, ssjr@itsa.ucsf.edu

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ANATOMY 118 COURSE INFORMATION

Course Format:

The course examines the structure of various tissues and organ systems, and how the structure relates to function. Anatomy 118 consists of both lectures and laboratory sessions. The topics that will be covered in the course are listed in the Course Schedule along with the faculty responsible for each topic and the date and time of lectures and laboratory periods.

There is one required lab per week, and the class is divided alphabetically into Blue Lab (Tuesday) or Gold Lab (Wednesday). Usually the laboratory covers what was discussed in lecture the previous Wednesday, and the current Tuesday. A "prelab" Kodachrome slide-based summary presentation will precede the laboratory. During the course, several "Clinical Correlation" lectures will be given on selected topics relevant to histology and dentistry.

The following materials will be used for study in the course:

1. Lectures and Syllabus. The syllabus outlines the important topics that will be covered in the lecture and details the objectives for study. We recommend that the students read the syllabus chapter prior to the lectures. Most of the information for exams will be contained in the syllabus. However, you will also be responsible for important additional information that is given in the lectures. For study prior to exams the students should focus on topics detailed in the "Objectives" section of each lecture in the syllabus.

2. Laboratory with microscope and slides: Slides pertinent to each lecture topic are examined in the laboratory sessions.

3. Recommended and Required Textbooks: The text and atlas are to be used to supplement the syllabus and any lecture handouts and as a reference guide during the laboratory periods.

a. Atlas: An atlas is required and it must be brought to each laboratory period. There are many good ones, but we recommend either of the following:

Kerr, Atlas of Functional Histology, Mosby, 1998.

Burkitt et al., Wheater's Functional Histology, Churchill Livingston, 3rd. Ed., 1993

b. Textbook: A text is recommended to supplement the syllabus, but is not required. The majority of the references in the syllabus and the text references in the table of contents are to the Junquiera et. al., Basic Histology. Another good text is by Gartner and Hiatt with its excellent pictures and diagrams.

Junquiera et al., Basic Histology, Appleton and Lange, 9th Edition, 1998.

Gartner and Hiatt, Color Textbook of Histology, W.B. Saunders Co., 1997.

4. 118/158 Histology Videotape Volumes: A series of videotapes covering the various lecture topics are on Reserve in the Library. See list below.

Volume I (HVT-1) Use of the Light Microscope
Volume 2 (HVT-2) The Cell
Volume 3 (HVT-3) Epithelial Tissue
Volume 4 (HVT-4) Connective Tissue
Volume 5 (HVT-5) Blood
Volume 6 (HVT-6) Cartilage
Volume 7 (HVT-7) Bone
Volume 8 (HVT-8) Muscle
Volume 9 (HVT-9) Nerve
Volume 10 (HVT-10) Skin
Volume 11 (HVT-11) Circulatory System
Volume 12 (HVT-12) Respiratory System
Volume 13 (HVT-13) Oral Cavity
Volume 14 (HVT-14) Esophagus and Stomach
Volume 15 (HVT-15) Small and Large Intestine
Volume 16 (HVT-16) Liver and Gall Bladder
Volume 17 (HVT-17) Pancreas
Volume 18 (HVT-18) Urinary System
Volume 19 (HVT-19) Lymph Nodes, Spleen and Thymus
Volume 24 (HVT-24) Ear, Nose and Tongue

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Histology Laboratory:

The main objective of the laboratory is to provide you with knowledge of the normal microscopic anatomy of cells, tissues and organs of the human body, and with an understanding of how function follows structure. The laboratory portion of this course consists of a 2-hour laboratory period per week, in rooms S-458 and S-468. Students will be assigned to either Blue Lab (Tuesday) or Gold Lab (Wednesday). Students are expected to attend the laboratory period to which they are assigned. However, if space permits, they may also attend the other period, if they find they need extra time to cover the material. Normally the lab periods begin at 3 p.m. On days when the lecture finishes early, students will go directly to the lab. In addition, a two hour laboratory session will be held off hours prior to the lab practicals; the times will be announced.

During each laboratory period, students are to identify a number of histological structures using the syllabus and their atlas as guides. You should regard the laboratory as a problem solving experience. Try to figure things out as much as you can on your own using the atlas and syllabus as a guide, and use the instructors to confirm your answers and clarify questions. A requirement of the course is that an instructor will have each student identify one or more structures each week. Part of the course grade depends on laboratory attendance and completion of this aspect of the laboratory (see Grading).

Slides: Each student (in Blue Lab and Gold Lab) will be assigned a box of slides. You are held financially responsible for the slide collection and are expected to return your slide set to the School of Dentistry in good condition at the end of each lab period. Please check and inventory the collection during the first lab period. Students who do not return complete, undamaged slide sets will be charged a fee. The cost of one whole set of slides is approximately $800.00. Slide boxes will be collected at the end of each lab period. You are to use only the slide set assigned to you during your scheduled Lab If you come in during extra time you will check out from an instructor a set to use for that period.

Microscopes: All microscopes have recently been cleaned and are in good working condition. Please take care to keep them in such condition. Always begin examination of a slide using the low power objective first and then progressively switching to the next higher power objective (otherwise you may smash the slide!). Please do not use the oil immersion lens (100x) with your microscope; this lens is not necessary to find the structures you are asked to identify.

Be sure to check that no slide has been left on the stage, before you put the microscope away. Many slides have been lost this way! If you find one on the microscope at the beginning of the period, turn it in to a lab instructor. At the beginning of the laboratory session, check your slide box for the slides you will be using that period. If you are missing a slide, first look to see if it was put back in the wrong slot, then check with your lab partners. If you still cannot find it, tell a lab instructor and go across the hall to room S-465 and check with Shirley Lowe (before 4 p.m.) to see if the slide was turned in because it was left on the microscope.

See the list of laboratory rules in the Laboratory section of the syllabus.

Weekly Challenge: A special exercise during many lab periods is the Weekly Challenge. An unknown related to the topic area currently studied will be presented in a photomicrograph. Frequently the tissue will be from a clinical specimen.

The main objective of the laboratory is to provide you with knowledge of the normal microscopic anatomy of cells, tissues and organs of the human body, and with an understanding of how function follows structure. The laboratory portion of this course consists of a 2-hour laboratory period per week, in rooms S-458 and S-468. Students will be assigned to either Blue Lab (Tuesday) or Gold Lab (Wednesday). Students are expected to attend the laboratory period to which they are assigned. However, if space permits, they may also attend the other period, if they find they need extra time to cover the material. Normally the lab periods begin at 3 p.m. On days when the lecture finishes early, students will go directly to the lab. In addition, a two hour laboratory session will be held off hours prior to the lab practicals; the times will be announced.

During each laboratory period, students are to identify a number of histological structures using the syllabus and their atlas as guides. You should regard the laboratory as a problem solving experience. Try to figure things out as much as you can on your own using the atlas and syllabus as a guide, and use the instructors to confirm your answers and clarify questions. A requirement of the course is that an instructor will have each student identify one or more structures each week. Part of the course grade depends on laboratory attendance and completion of this aspect of the laboratory (see Grading).

Slides: Each student (in Blue Lab and Gold Lab) will be assigned a box of slides. You are held financially responsible for the slide collection and are expected to return your slide set to the School of Dentistry in good condition at the end of each lab period. Please check and inventory the collection during the first lab period. Students who do not return complete, undamaged slide sets will be charged a fee. The cost of one whole set of slides is approximately $800.00. Slide boxes will be collected at the end of each lab period. You are to use only the slide set assigned to you during your scheduled Lab If you come in during extra time you will check out from an instructor a set to use for that period.

Microscopes: All microscopes have recently been cleaned and are in good working condition. Please take care to keep them in such condition. Always begin examination of a slide using the low power objective first and then progressively switching to the next higher power objective (otherwise you may smash the slide!). Please do not use the oil immersion lens (100x) with your microscope; this lens is not necessary to find the structures you are asked to identify.

Be sure to check that no slide has been left on the stage, before you put the microscope away. Many slides have been lost this way! If you find one on the microscope at the beginning of the period, turn it in to a lab instructor. At the beginning of the laboratory session, check your slide box for the slides you will be using that period. If you are missing a slide, first look to see if it was put back in the wrong slot, then check with your lab partners. If you still cannot find it, tell a lab instructor and go across the hall to room S-465 and check with Shirley Lowe (before 4 p.m.) to see if the slide was turned in because it was left on the microscope.

See the list of laboratory rules in the Laboratory section of the syllabus.

Weekly Challenge: A special exercise during many lab periods is the Weekly Challenge. For instance, an unknown related to the topic area currently studied might be presented in a photomicrograph. Frequently the tissue will be from a clinical specimen. Students with the highest score might receive extra credit points or even prizes!

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ANATOMY 118 EXAMINATION AND GRADING POLICY

I. General

Exams are required to evaluate the student's comprehension of material presented in the course curriculum. They provide a means for estimating the effectiveness of the teaching program, but most importantly they permit feedback to the student, regarding their level of understanding of the material.

Examination Policy: The UCSF School of Dentistry policy on exams will be followed. Students are expected to observe these guidelines. Any form of cheating will not be tolerated. If the integrity of the exam has been compromised then the student may be subject to academic penalty or administrative discipline, or both.

Makeup Exam Policy: Students who become ill on the day of their laboratory period or an examination are entitled to makeup the lab or to take a makeup examination only under the following conditions (also see Student Handbook). 1) the student must have a valid medical reason confirmed with a written note from student health or their physician, and 2) must have contacted Drs. Kramer or Wentworth for Anatomy 118, or Dr. Wentworth for Anatomy 158 before or during the scheduled lab period or exam. If you are ill and are unable to reach the course instructor, you should contact Ms. Jennifer Williams in Student Services at 476-1101.

Tutorial Assistance: If you believe that you need extra help on a particular topic in the lab or lecture, please contact one of the instructors during the lab period.

II. Examinations

Exams will consist of a written and laboratory midterm exam; and a written and laboratory final exam. All exams are individual efforts and are closed book. To assure proficiency in the identification of cells and tissues with the microscope during the course, each student will be tested (lab practical exam) and asked to locate or identify specific structures using the microscope, and may also be asked related questions pertaining to the structure and function of identified items. Lecture exams may be multiple choice or short answer. Laboratory exams may involve identification and function of structures using microscope slides or kodachromes.

Lecture exams test material from the lectures while laboratory exams test material from the laboratories and the lectures. The final lecture and laboratory exams concentrate on material since the midterm (approximately 75%). However, about 25% of the exams include comprehensive questions. One needs to know cells and tissues in order to understand the structure and function of organs.

The dates of the scheduled examinations are given in the course schedule.

The MIDTERM exam will include the following topics:

Blood                                            Nerve
Connective Tissue                          Muscle
Epithelium                                      Clinical Correlations
Cartilage and Bone

The FINAL exam will include the following topics:

Circulatory System                           Urinary System
Immune System                               Gastrointestinal System
Skin                                                   Glands of the G.I. System 
Respiratory System                        Clinical Correlation

The following is a breakdown of the course grade:

Lab class identification and participation                                    5%
Lab challenges                                                                                5%
* Lab midterm (Cell through Nerve)                                             15%
Lab final (Respiratory thr. Gastrointestinal, and review)          15%
Written midterm* (Cell through Nerve)                                        30%
Written final (Respiratory thr. Gastrointestinal, and review)   30%
_____________________________________
* Although there is not a specific lecture on the cell, as it is probably review for most students, there may be a few questions on structure and function of the cell. If you are not familiar with this material you can review the text, lab atlases, videos, and Appendix A in the syllabus.

Letter grade assignments at the end of the course will be based on a class curve as determined by the policy of the Department of Stomatology. In the past this has been a modified B modal curve.

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ANATOMY 118/158:  HISTOLOGY

What is histology? Histology is a basic biomedical science that describes the microscopic characteristics of cells, tissues, and organs of the human body. Histology provides a means to learn and understand the structure-function relationships that define each organ system.

Why study histology? Histology is included in the undergraduate dental curriculum to complement Gross Anatomy and to provide the basic knowledge for other subject areas, including Pathology, Physiology, Biochemistry, and the clinical dental sciences.

What are the Educational Objectives?

1. Learn the vocabulary needed for communicating aspects of cell and tissue structure/function.

2. Gain an understanding of how cells and tissues perform specific functions and how each function relates to the structural plan of a particular organ.

3. Gain a basic understanding of how tissue function is dependent on specialized and differentiated activities of cells at the biochemical and molecular level.

4. Be able to describe the normal structural features of tissue and organ systems; this baseline information is needed for understanding changes that occur in various disease and pathological conditions.

5. Be able to apply these concepts to specific clinical situations.

TISSUES

A tissue is a group of cells (and their associated extracellular material) which work together to perform particular functions.

There are four basic tissue types:

1. Epithelia - covers or lines external or internal surfaces of the body.

2. Connective tissue - supports tissue and cells and provides strength, elasticity or incompressibility, depending on precise location and components.

3. Muscle - has well developed contractile properties. Gives motility and regulates blood flow.

4. Nerve - permits interaction of the organism with the environment and integration of tissue function.

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Last updated 11/15/99
Douglas N.W. Cooper, Ph.D.       cooper@cgl.ucsf.edu

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